{"id":12472,"date":"2022-11-29T14:40:52","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T13:40:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/?post_type=article&#038;p=12472"},"modified":"2023-07-04T15:22:07","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T13:22:07","slug":"josephine-baker","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/article\/josephine-baker","title":{"rendered":"Josephine Baker"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"block block-header-article block-header-article-center block-header-article-align-pullLeft\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row middle-xs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6 first-md\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-header-article-image block-header-article-image-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"31325\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69e1da4a523de\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1965-205x300.jpg\",\"width\":205,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":10820},\"small\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1965-300x440.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":20046},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1965-396x580.jpg\",\"width\":396,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":31364},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1965-491x720.jpg\",\"width\":491,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":44844},\"original\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1965.jpg\",\"width\":682,\"height\":1000}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Josephine Baker mit Musikern bei einem B\\u00fchnenauftrtitt in Berlin\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : {\"x\":0.53,\"y\":0.94},\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : true,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 2,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:146.6275659824%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"lazy-info-on-grid \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Josephine Baker in Berlin, 30 April 1965<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Harry Croner <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 first-xs margin-bottom-third  block-header-article--text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"zeplin-subHead01 margin-bottom-sixth\">Josephine Baker<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy margin-bottom-third\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cAll I want is to dance\u2026\u201d Josephine Baker has been inspiring untold numbers of people around the globe for a century. She used dance to get out of the slums of the southern United States and from Paris she conquered the world\u2019s stages in the 1920s.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-header-article-small-image-wrapper has-highlight-color\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/autor\/barbel-reismann\" class=\"author-view box\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"author-view-label zeplin-category\">by B\u00e4rbel Rei\u00dfmann<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Born an illegitimate child in a slum district of St. Louis on 3 June 1906, Freda Josephine McDonald, the name given to her at birth, had a deprived childhood. She provided forceful accounts of the 1917 race riots in her home city and derived a mission in life from this: The fight against racial segregation, for freedom and equality. Dancing became her own personal route to freedom.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color settings-intend block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h4\">Every performance was intoxicating<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy block-no-margin\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>From 1921, Josephine travelled through the USA with a dance troupe called \u201cDixie Steppers\u201d and appeared in short scenes in so-called Vaudeville theatre shows. In Philadelphia, aged just fifteen, she married Billy Baker, who had already been married once before, under whose surname she was to become famous. Here, she also secured a fixed engagement as a clown at the end of \u201cChorus Line\u201d. However, she had her sights set on being in the spotlight, on the big stage. So, she tried her luck in New York in the musical \u201cShuffle Along\u201d. For Josephine, every performance was intoxicating: \u201cThe eyes of the audience looking at me electrified me.\u201d Tirelessly on the go, she managed to attract attention. Thus, in 1925, she was engaged as a dancer to perform in Paris.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69e1da4a54920\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe French public was curious to see this quirky newcomer from America. Their fascination was directed towards the new artistic forms. Josephine Baker took Paris by storm with her permissive dance performances. She was sensuous, pure, exotic and a star. \u201cShe is credited with the fact that she dances not only with her body, legs and arms but also with her eyes,\u201d wrote Austrian theatre and culture magazine\u00a0<em>Die B\u00fchne<\/em> in 1925. \u201cThe whole is a mix of music, movement, graphicness and eroticism, it is a unique sensation which Paris reckons it can no longer live without!\u201d From Paris the tour went on via Brussels to Berlin.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7  col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"1422\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69e1da4a54c17\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1925-Medium-202x300.jpeg\",\"width\":202,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":7806},\"small\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1925-Medium-296x440.jpeg\",\"width\":296,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":14054},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1925-Medium-390x580.jpeg\",\"width\":390,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":23254},\"original\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-1925-Medium.jpeg\",\"width\":430,\"height\":640}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Eine Frau l\\u00e4chelt\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:148.83720930233%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Josephine Baker, Paris, around 1925 <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: G. L. Manuel (photography studio) <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69e1da4a54daa\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"31329\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69e1da4a55152\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-um-1930-209x300.jpg\",\"width\":209,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":10952},\"small\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-um-1930-307x440.jpg\",\"width\":307,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":21969},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-um-1930-405x580.jpg\",\"width\":405,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":38438},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-um-1930-502x720.jpg\",\"width\":502,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":56395},\"original\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-um-1930.jpg\",\"width\":694,\"height\":995}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Foto-Postkarte von Josephine Baker in bodenlangem Kleid, um 1930\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:143.37175792507%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Foto<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">Sammlung Stadtmuseum Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"margin-bottom-third  has-highlight-color\">Triumph in Berlin<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tComposer Rudolf Nelson placed his theatre in Berlin at the disposal of Josephine Baker. From the stage on Kurf\u00fcrstendamm, she conquered the city as \u201cBlack Venus\u201d in 1926.\u00a0\u201cBerlin feels great! A pure triumph. They carry me aloft. In no other city have I received so many love letters, so many flowers and gifts,\u201d the dancer recalled in her memoires.\u00a0<br><br>With what was a hitherto unknown dance in Germany, the Charleston, she triggered a veritable dance craze. Celebrated and courted by theatre artists such as\u00a0Max Reinhardt\u00a0and Karl Vollmoeller, Josephine enjoyed the affection that came her way and the offers in Berlin, but ultimately opted for Paris. In ever more extravagant, tailored costumes, she served the exotically African image. The famous belt made of 16 fur-fabric bananas which she wore around her hips became her trademark look.\u00a0\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-gallery-moderated\">\n\t<block-gallery-moderated inline-template>\n\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-background-container\" data-scroll data-scroll-sticky>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-bg\" data-sticky-target=\"sticky_69e1da4a55462\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"31344\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69e1da4a5579f\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"nelson-theater-berlin-300x179.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":179,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":17429},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"nelson-theater-berlin-768x458.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":458,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":82148},\"small\":{\"file\":\"nelson-theater-berlin-440x262.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":262,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":33273},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"nelson-theater-berlin-580x346.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":346,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":53104},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"nelson-theater-berlin-720x429.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":429,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":74128},\"original\":{\"file\":\"nelson-theater-berlin.jpg\",\"width\":898,\"height\":535}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Bildpostkarte des Berliner NNelson-Theaters, 1924\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : {\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0.5},\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : true,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 2,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:59.576837416481%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"lazy-info-on-grid \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Josephine Baker conquered Berlin from the stage of the Nelson Theatre at Kurf&uuml;rstendamm 217 (postcard from 1924)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">&copy; Stadtmuseum Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-foreground-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-fg\" id=\"sticky_69e1da4a55462\">\n\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy margin-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Josephine Baker indefatigably continued working. She sang and recorded songs for the record company Columbia Records. She also stood in front of the camera: In 1934, in the film &ldquo;Zou Zou&rdquo; alongside Jean Gabin, she played a poor girl, who manages to land on stage. With this film she reached an even wider French audience than before. Despite being the richest and most famous artist of her era in Europe, her bid to attract a US audience with a guest appearance failed. Following large-scale racial hostilities, she returned to Europe disillusioned in 1936.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/block-gallery-moderated>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h4\">Support for the resistance<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy block-no-margin\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>With her marriage to Jewish businessman Jean Lion, the artist was granted French citizenship in 1937. Following the escalation of anti-Semitic violence in Germany in the November pogroms in 1938, in an act of solidarity she became a member of the <em>Ligue internationale Contre le Racisme et l\u2019Antis\u00e9mitisme<\/em>\u00a0(LICRA), an international organisation committed to fighting against racism and anti-Semitism.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69e1da4a55ef5\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"31331\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69e1da4a562ff\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner-300x201.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":201,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":11373},\"large\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner-1024x688.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":688,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":111604},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner-768x516.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":516,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":62959},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner-1536x1032.jpg\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":1032,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":255946},\"small\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner-440x296.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":296,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":21760},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner-580x390.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":390,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":36633},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner-720x484.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":484,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":55500},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner-1280x860.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":860,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":177735},\"original\":{\"file\":\"paris-1940-harry-croner.jpg\",\"width\":1760,\"height\":1182}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Blick \\u00fcber Paris auf den Eiffelturm, 1940\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:67.159090909091%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">After the capture of Paris and occupation of parts of France by the German Wehrmacht in 1940, Josephine Baker left the city where she had celebrated great successes in the 1930s (photo from 1941)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Harry Croner <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe start of the Second World War, in the wake of which the German Wehrmacht occupied large parts of France, including Paris in 1940, changed Josephine Baker\u2019s life fundamentally. \u201cAs long as there is even one single German in France, I will not sing\u201d, she announced. She worked for the Red Cross and supported the <em>R\u00e9sistance<\/em>. She gathered and smuggled information for the French government in exile of General Charles de Gaulle and the allied forces, on whose behalf she went to North Africa.\u00a0 As lieutenant of the Free French Air Force, she travelled around by military jeep to entertain the troops. All proceeds from the concerts under de Gaulle\u2019s patronage were passed on to the R\u00e9sistance movement \u2013 over 3 million French francs by the end of the war.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>In October 1944, a few months after the successful allied invasion of Normandy, she accompanied the allied troops from liberated Paris further eastwards.\u00a0 Until the end of the war <em>Sous-Lieutenant<\/em> Baker saw it as her honorary, patriotic duty to sing for the soldiers. She was recognised for this in 1946 with the\u00a0<em>Medaille de la R\u00e9sistance<\/em>\u00a0of Free France. In 1957, Charles de Gaulle named Josephine Baker\u00a0<em>Chevalier de la L\u00e9gion d&#8217;honneur<\/em> for her courageous efforts.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h4\">Ambassador for peace, freedom and justice<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy block-no-margin\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Josephine Baker returned to the stage after 1945 \u2013 as an ambassador for peace, freedom and equality of all people, regardless of nationality, skin colour or religion. Together with French conductor Jo Bouillon, whom she had married on 3 June 1947, she went on a tour of the USA in 1951. At her shows there was no racial segregation; as a star she had made this a stipulation.<br><br>Baker took an offensive stance against any form of discrimination. In 1963, US civil rights campaigner Martin Luther King got her up to the rostrum in Washington \u2013 her biggest role and her greatest triumph: She was more than a superstar, she was a political figure. In her speech on 28 August at the closing rally of the\u00a0<em>March on Washington<\/em>\u00a0organised by the civil rights movement, the 57-year-old encouraged all African Americans to assert their rights in their own country.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<block-ticker class=\"block block-ticker\" inline-template>\n\t<div :class=\"{ firstLoaded: firstLoaded,userPaused: userPaused }\">\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t\"images\" : [{\"id\":0,\"width\":602,\"height\":916,\"alt\":\"Josephine Baker, 1954\",\"title\":\"\",\"label\":\"Josephine Baker, 1954\",\"description\":\"\\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Foto: Harry 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end-xs\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-ticker-btn-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Animation starten \/ stoppen\" class=\"ho-button is-tertiary has-icon\" @click=\"userToggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ho-button-icon icon-play\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ho-button-icon icon-pause\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-cell\" :key=\"image.id\" v-for=\"image in images\">\n\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img :src=\"image.src\" :alt=\"image.alt\" @load=\"imageLoaded\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\" v-html=\"image.label\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\" v-html=\"image.description\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/block-ticker>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69e1da4a57ac5\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"31327\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69e1da4a57d7a\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-regenbogen-familie-300x209.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":209,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":17590},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-regenbogen-familie-768x534.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":534,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":71042},\"small\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-regenbogen-familie-440x306.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":306,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":31212},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-regenbogen-familie-580x403.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":403,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":47064},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-regenbogen-familie-720x500.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":500,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":64610},\"original\":{\"file\":\"josephine-baker-regenbogen-familie.jpg\",\"width\":961,\"height\":668}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Josephine Baker auf einer Treppe sitzend mit Kindern ihrer \\u201eRegenbogenfamilie\\u201c. Im Vordergrund: Jeannot (Japan), Jari (Finland), Brahim (Marocco), im Hintergrund Akio (Korea), Marianna (Marocco), Luis (Kolumbien), Josephine Baker mit Koffi (Guana), Mo\\u00efse (Isra\\u00ebl), Jean-Claude (Frankreich)\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:69.510926118626%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Josephine Baker with adopted children of her &#8220;rainbow family&#8221;. In the foreground: Jeannot (Japan), Jari (Finland), Brahim (Morocco); in the background Akio (Korea), Marianna (Morocco), Luis (Colombia), Josephine Baker with Koffi (Guana), Mo\u00efse (Isra\u00ebl), Jean-Claude (France); Paris, ca. 1957<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Pressedienst Kindermann <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00a0Josephine Baker and Jo Bouillon adopted twelve children of different skin colours from different parts of the world. She financed her rainbow family\u2019s livelihood with further stage appearances. At her chateau \u201cLes Milandes\u201d in the Dordogne she lived the ideal of equality and freedom. She remained a political fighter and role model for many Black women until her death on 12 April 1975.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy block-no-margin\">\n\t<read-more inline-template>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<content-reveal :open=\"active\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Further literature:<br>\u201eJosephine Baker: Weltstar \u2013 Freiheitsk\u00e4mpferin \u2013 Ikone\u201c, Mona Horncastle, Wien 2020<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/content-reveal>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button ref=\"toggleButton\" @click=\"toggle\" class=\"ho-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ho-button-label font-bold\" v-if=\"!active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead more\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ho-button-label font-bold\"  v-if=\"active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead less\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/read-more>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cAll I want is to dance\u2026\u201d Josephine Baker has been inspiring untold numbers of people around the globe for a century. She used dance to get out of the slums of the southern United States and from Paris she conquered the world\u2019s stages in the 1920s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":31325,"template":"","ho_author":[196],"ho_category":[182,403,301],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/12472"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/12472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31386,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/12472\/revisions\/31386"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ho_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ho_author?post=12472"},{"taxonomy":"ho_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ho_category?post=12472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}