{"id":14184,"date":"2022-12-13T17:17:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T16:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/?post_type=article&#038;p=14184"},"modified":"2023-12-27T08:32:49","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T07:32:49","slug":"heiner-muller","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/article\/heiner-muller","title":{"rendered":"Heiner M\u00fcller"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"block block-header-article block-header-article-center block-header-article-align-pullLeft\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row middle-xs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6 first-md\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-header-article-image block-header-article-image-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"1811\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fa3eb1ec3e3\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_und_pauldessau_dtstaatsoper_lanzelot_1969_cssb_foto_evakemlein-1-300x300.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":20276},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_und_pauldessau_dtstaatsoper_lanzelot_1969_cssb_foto_evakemlein-1-768x764.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":764,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":98771},\"small\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_und_pauldessau_dtstaatsoper_lanzelot_1969_cssb_foto_evakemlein-1-440x438.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":438,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":36815},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_und_pauldessau_dtstaatsoper_lanzelot_1969_cssb_foto_evakemlein-1-580x577.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":577,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":59854},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_und_pauldessau_dtstaatsoper_lanzelot_1969_cssb_foto_evakemlein-1-720x716.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":716,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":87666},\"original\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_und_pauldessau_dtstaatsoper_lanzelot_1969_cssb_foto_evakemlein-1.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":995}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"zwei M\\u00e4nner sitzen in einem Theatersaal\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : {\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0.65},\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : true,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 2,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:99.5%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"lazy-info-on-grid \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Conductor Paul Dessau conversing with Heiner M\u00fcller during the rehearsals for \u201cLanzelot\u201c, Staatsoper Berlin 1969<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Eva Kemlein <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 first-xs margin-bottom-third  block-header-article--text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"zeplin-subHead01 margin-bottom-sixth\">Heiner M\u00fcller<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy margin-bottom-third\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Heiner M\u00fcller is regarded as one of the most important German dramatists of the 20th century \u2013<br>from his expulsion from the GDR Writers&#8217; Association to becoming an internationally celebrated and awarded theatre-maker.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-header-article-small-image-wrapper has-highlight-color\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/autor\/melanie-huber-2\" class=\"author-view box\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"author-view-label zeplin-category\">by Melanie Huber<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The rehearsals lasted six months, and, by the time they were finished, the German Democratic Republic was history: The play \u201cHamlet\/Maschine\u201c [<em>Hamletmaschine<\/em>], directed by Heiner M\u00fcller, premiered in Berlin at the Deutsches Theater on 24<sup>th<\/sup> March 1990. During an eight-hour, what is now considered, legendary performance, the dramatist and poet let his Hamlet (played by Ulrich M\u00fche) perish in \u201cthe breach of two eras\u201d, as M\u00fcller described it during an <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/kluge.library.cornell.edu\/de\/conversations\/mueller\/film\/109\" target=\"_blank\">interview\u00a0with the intellectual Alexander Kluge<\/a> a few months after the premiere had taken place.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>When M\u00fcller spoke at the largest non-state organised demonstration for freedom of expression, press and assembly and against the government on 4<sup>th<\/sup> November 1989 at Alexanderplatz in East Berlin, he saw the end of the GDR coming. Yet he did not believe it actually would happen, since, despite his temporary expulsion from the Writer\u2019s Association, which resulted in an occupational ban, and further sanctions imposed upon him in the 1960\u2019s and 1970\u2019s, M\u00fcller always held on to his values and ideas of socialism.<br><br>Before the end of the GDR, his status as a literarily adept and internationally renowned theatre maker had granted him access to numerous privileges \u2013 such as the permanent visa he obtained in 1983, which made it possible for him to travel to West Germany, Brazil and the USA.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-quote \">\n\t<figure>\n\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row center-xs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"zeplin-quote\">Who was this man who became a legend in his lifetime, first in the East Berlin theatre scene and then worldwide, and who is now considered one of the most important German dramatists of the 20th century since Bertolt Brecht?<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69fa3eb1eec82\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"1816\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fa3eb1eefd8\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_1958_cssb_foto_evakemlein-236x300.jpg\",\"width\":236,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":14128},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_1958_cssb_foto_evakemlein-768x978.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":978,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":107641},\"small\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_1958_cssb_foto_evakemlein-345x440.jpg\",\"width\":345,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":26242},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_1958_cssb_foto_evakemlein-455x580.jpg\",\"width\":455,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":43031},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_1958_cssb_foto_evakemlein-565x720.jpg\",\"width\":565,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":63187},\"original\":{\"file\":\"heinermueller_1958_cssb_foto_evakemlein.jpg\",\"width\":785,\"height\":1000}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Ein Mann raucht eine Zigarette\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:127.38853503185%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">A typical snapshot of Heiner M\u00fcller from 1958<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Eva Kemlein  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"margin-bottom-third  has-highlight-color\">Influence at a young age<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cShould I talk about myself? I, of whom I am talking about when I am meant to talk about myself? I? Who is that?\u201d, wrote Heiner M\u00fcller in 1981 in his dramatic text <em>\u201cVerkommenes Ufer Medeamaterial Landschaft mit Argonauten\u201c<\/em> [Waterfront wasteland Medea material, landscape with Argonauts ].<br><br>He posed the \u201cI\u201d question in his autobiography \u201cKrieg ohne Schlacht. Leben in zwei Diktaturen\u201c [A war without a battle. Living in two dictatorships]<br><br>And that was no coincidence: The search for the contextualisation of the \u201cI\u201d was something that he devoted himself to his entire life.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Born on 9<sup>th<\/sup> January 1929 in Eppendorf, Saxony, M\u00fcller, the son of a civil servant and Social Democratic Party politician, learned what it meant to live in a totalitarian regime from a young age: When the Nazis came to power in 1933, his father was interned in a camp. He would later process this traumatic family event through various plays and prose.<br><br>His anti-fascist upbringing and interest in Friedrich Schiller, Ernst J\u00fcnger and Bertolt Brecht paved the way for his image of humanity and his political attitude from an early age. In 1944, when he was just fifteen years old, M\u00fcller was drafted into the Reich Labour Service and then the Volkssturm. In 1945, he was taken prisoner by the US, from which he was able to flee soon after. M\u00fcller was caught by Soviet Army soldiers and then released. In the early post-war years, he obtained his high school diploma.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u00fcller joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and the Free German Trade Union Federation (FDGB) when he was eighteen. Then he worked as an assistant as part of his voluntary service in a library in Frankenberg (Saxony), took a writing course in Radebeul near Dresden and worked as a literary critic for the \u201c<em>Sonntag<\/em>\u201d journal and later on for the \u201c<em>Neue deutsche Literatu<\/em>r\u201d [new German literature] magazine. M\u00fcller then moved to East Berlin, where he worked as a research assistant for the German Writers&#8217; Union.<br><br>His plan to work for Bertolt Brecht, his role model and artistic director of the Berliner Ensemble at the time, didn\u2019t come to fruition: twice he went to the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm, and twice he was turned down. But M\u00fcller did not give up: His first play was staged at the Berlin Volksb\u00fchne in 1957. It was the beginning of his theatrical and writing career, which was marked by scandals and controversies.<br>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">Under a pseudonym<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-gallery-moderated\">\n\t<block-gallery-moderated inline-template>\n\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-background-container\" data-scroll data-scroll-sticky>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-bg\" data-sticky-target=\"sticky_69fa3eb1ef69a\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"1818\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fa3eb1ef90f\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-300x202.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":202,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":19073},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-768x516.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":516,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":88029},\"small\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-440x296.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":296,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":35803},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-580x390.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":390,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":55766},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-720x484.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":484,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":78694},\"original\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":672}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Der Bau der Berliner Mauer\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : {\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0.5},\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : true,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 2,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:67.2%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"lazy-info-on-grid \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Construction of the Berlin Wall began on 13<sup>th<\/sup> August 1961<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">&copy; Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Walter Schulze  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-bg\" data-sticky-target=\"sticky_69fa3eb1efa33\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"1818\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fa3eb1efac7\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-300x202.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":202,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":19073},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-768x516.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":516,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":88029},\"small\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-440x296.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":296,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":35803},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-580x390.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":390,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":55766},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze-720x484.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":484,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":78694},\"original\":{\"file\":\"mauerbau_1961_cssb_foto_walterschulze.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":672}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Der Bau der Berliner Mauer\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : {\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0.5},\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : true,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 2,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:67.2%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"lazy-info-on-grid \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Construction of the Berlin Wall began on 13<sup>th<\/sup> August 1961<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">&copy; Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Walter Schulze  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-foreground-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-fg\" id=\"sticky_69fa3eb1ef69a\">\n\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy margin-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M&uuml;ller got a job as a research assistant at the Maxim-Gorki-Theater and began his work as a freelance writer. His first plays casting a critical eye on the GDR were written: This is how the then 26-year-old M&uuml;ller described the issues surrounding the establishment of socialism and the discrepancies between the interests of the workers and the interests of the SED party leadership in his play &ldquo;<em>Die Lohndr&uuml;cker<\/em>&rdquo; [The Scab] (1958). His research was based on a visit to a large construction site in Saxony with his second wife and co-author Inge M&uuml;ller. The author was awarded the Heinrich Mann Prize by the Berlin Academy of Arts in the GDR.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-fg\" id=\"sticky_69fa3eb1efa33\">\n\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5 col-md-offset-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy margin-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>However, no more than two years later, a scandal broke out: M&uuml;ller&rsquo;s comedy &ldquo;<em>Die Umsiedlerin oder das Leben auf dem Lande<\/em>&rdquo; [The Resettled Woman (or Living in the country)], inspired by Anna Seghers&rsquo; story &ldquo;<em>Die Umsiedlerin<\/em>&rdquo; [The Resettled Woman], which was staged under the direction of B.K. Tragelehn the same year the Berlin Wall was built, was banned after its premiere. It openly described the problems people faced under socialism and collectivization, which was a thorn in the SED regime&rsquo;s side. As a result, M&uuml;ller was expelled from the Writers&rsquo; Association, resulting in an occupational ban. On the other hand, Tragelehn, the director of the play, was sentenced to hard labour at a coal production facility. M&uuml;ller was able to make a living writing crime novels under the pseudonym Max Messer. Throughout his life, however, M&uuml;ller was dependent on the financial support of friends and acquaintances.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/block-gallery-moderated>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color settings-intend block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">Success outside the GDR<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nine years later, M\u00fcller was working in the theatre again. Namely, as a dramatist at the establishment which had turned him down twice in the past: the Berliner Ensemble. His play \u201cMauser\u201c, which was inspired by Brecht\u2019s \u201cMa\u00dfnahme\u201c [The Decision], was banned in the GDR. It was only performed until 1980, in Cologne. M\u00fcller worked for the Berliner Ensemble until 1976, after which he got a position at the Volksb\u00fchne. That\u2019s where the directorial team, consisting of Manfred Karge and Matthias Langhoff, first encountered a compelling theatre expression for M\u00fcller\u2019s texts, which were riddled with montages and fragments: \u201c<em>Die Schlacht<\/em>\u201d [The Battle], which was a sequence of scenes, premiered on 30<sup>th<\/sup> October 1975.<br><br>M\u00fcller was politically active, despite his troubled relationship with the GDR regime. He was one of the signatories of the petition against the expatriation of the singer-songwriter Wolf Biermann from the GDR. Although M\u00fcller continued to cause a furore with his critical, stylistically outstanding and literary challenging pieces, which simultaneously triggered a wave of excitement among many GDR citizens, the 1980\u2019s were marked by numerous successful performances in West Germany and in non-European countries. That was something the GDR government was willing to tolerate. M\u00fcller became a member of the Berlin Academy of Arts in 1984 and received further awards. He was readmitted into the Writers\u2019 Association in 1988.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69fa3eb1f0242\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"1820\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fa3eb1f0544\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"mueller_martinwuttke_als_arturoui_be_1995_cssb_foto_evakemlein-225x300.jpg\",\"width\":225,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":15447},\"small\":{\"file\":\"mueller_martinwuttke_als_arturoui_be_1995_cssb_foto_evakemlein-330x440.jpg\",\"width\":330,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":27241},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"mueller_martinwuttke_als_arturoui_be_1995_cssb_foto_evakemlein-436x580.jpg\",\"width\":436,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":41117},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"mueller_martinwuttke_als_arturoui_be_1995_cssb_foto_evakemlein-541x720.jpg\",\"width\":541,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":57063},\"original\":{\"file\":\"mueller_martinwuttke_als_arturoui_be_1995_cssb_foto_evakemlein.jpg\",\"width\":751,\"height\":1000}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Ein Mann in einem Kost\\u00fcm spielt auf einer B\\u00fchne\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:133.15579227696%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Martin Wuttke in his role as Arturo Ui, Berliner Ensemble 1995<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Eva Kemlein <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"margin-bottom-third  has-highlight-color\">After the GDR<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Fall of the Berlin Wall didn\u2019t affect M\u00fcller\u2019s success whatsoever. In the years following German re-unification, M\u00fcller was elected president of the East Berlin Academy of Arts. He married photographer Brigitte Maria Mayer, his fourth wife. Mayer would later stand by his side during his fight against cancer, which she also documented in photographs. In 1992, M\u00fcller became director of the Berliner Ensemble. His final production in 1995, \u201c<em>Der aufhaltsame Aufstieg des Arturo Ui<\/em>\u201d [The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui] with Martin Wuttke, was a theatrical success for decades to come. M\u00fcller gave countless interviews, which contemporary literary researchers now consider to be part of the author&#8217;s artistic repertoire. In his final years, M\u00fcller increasingly devoted himself to poetry. He did not live to see the premier of his play \u201c<em>Germania 3: Gespenster am toten Mann<\/em>\u201d [Germania 3: Ghosts at Dead Man].\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Heiner M\u00fcller died of cancer on 30<sup>th <\/sup>December 1995 at the age of 66. He is buried in the Dorotheenstadt cemetery in Berlin.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy-info \">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2 padding-top-sixth margin-bottom-sixth\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>Theatrical collection<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-offset-1 padding-top-sixth margin-bottom-sixth\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy editor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Stadtmuseum Berlin\u2019s theatrical collection, which consists of over thirty thousand objects and two million photo negatives, includes numerous photographs of Heiner M\u00fcller, as well as a collection of programmes, posters, designs, costumes, masks and props that were created and used in his productions and under his direction .<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-offset-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class='ho-button-group' ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heiner M\u00fcller is regarded as one of the most important German dramatists of the 20th century. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":35751,"template":"","ho_author":[189],"ho_category":[182,82,298,236,301],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/14184"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/14184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43296,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/14184\/revisions\/43296"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ho_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ho_author?post=14184"},{"taxonomy":"ho_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ho_category?post=14184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}