{"id":14707,"date":"2022-12-20T14:13:43","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T13:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/?post_type=article&#038;p=14707"},"modified":"2023-04-03T12:19:37","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T10:19:37","slug":"gustav-boess","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/article\/gustav-boess","title":{"rendered":"Gustav B\u00f6\u00df"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"block block-header-article block-header-article-center block-header-article-align-pullLeft\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row middle-xs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6 first-md\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-header-article-image block-header-article-image-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"3760\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fc25f44594a\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"gustav-boess-261x300.jpeg\",\"width\":261,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":23857},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"gustav-boess-768x882.jpeg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":882,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":154996},\"small\":{\"file\":\"gustav-boess-383x440.jpeg\",\"width\":383,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":45741},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"gustav-boess-505x580.jpeg\",\"width\":505,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":75256},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"gustav-boess-627x720.jpeg\",\"width\":627,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":108981},\"original\":{\"file\":\"gustav-boess.jpeg\",\"width\":871,\"height\":1000}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Ein Portrait von einem alten Man\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : {\"x\":0.48,\"y\":0.36},\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : true,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 2,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:114.81056257176%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"lazy-info-on-grid \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Gustav B\u00f6\u00df, Portrait by Max Oppenheimer (1885-1954). The mayor&#8217;s professional ties to Berlin are indicated by the city grid in the background of the painting, formed by canyons of houses, watercourses and industrial plants.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 first-xs margin-bottom-third  block-header-article--text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"zeplin-subHead01 margin-bottom-sixth\">Gustav B\u00f6\u00df<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy margin-bottom-third\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On 20th January 1921, Gustav B\u00f6\u00df was elected mayor of Berlin. In a time plagued with inflation, a global economic crisis and the instability of the Weimar Republic, he was faced with a major challenge. However, his achievements were eventually overshadowed by a scandal that abruptly ended his era.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\" has-highlight-color\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy settings-intend\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gustav B\u00f6\u00df was born on 11<sup>th <\/sup>April 1873 in Gie\u00dfen and was the son of an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dict.cc\/?s=authorised\">authorised<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dict.cc\/?s=officer\">officer<\/a>. After secondary school, he studied law and economics at the Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t in Gie\u00dfen and obtained a doctorate. After graduation, he worked at the Hessian financial administration before moving to the administration of the Prussian-Hessian Railway Company.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69fc25f44724b\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"3763\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fc25f4475ac\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"altes-rathaus-schoeneberg-1905-300x236.jpeg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":236,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":17049},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"altes-rathaus-schoeneberg-1905-768x604.jpeg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":604,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":86722},\"small\":{\"file\":\"altes-rathaus-schoeneberg-1905-440x346.jpeg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":346,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":32965},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"altes-rathaus-schoeneberg-1905-580x456.jpeg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":456,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":53654},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"altes-rathaus-schoeneberg-1905-720x566.jpeg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":566,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":77450},\"original\":{\"file\":\"altes-rathaus-schoeneberg-1905.jpeg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":786}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:78.6%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">The old Sch\u00f6neberg town hall on Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz, destroyed during the Second World War<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Max Missmann  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn 1910, B\u00f6\u00df was elected city councillor for transport in the city of Sch\u00f6neberg, which was an independent city at the time. Then in 1912, thanks to his professional competence and organisational skills, he was appointed treasurer of the city of Berlin, which Sch\u00f6neberg had become a part of the year before as part of the newly founded <em>Zweckverband Berlin<\/em>\u00a0[Berlin administration union]. The office expected a lot from him, since the war and post-war years in particular had put a heavy strain on the city&#8217;s finances. B\u00f6\u00df proved to be a dedicated and a skilful local politician who always felt committed to the young Weimar Republic.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image block-standard-image-medium\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-standard-image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"3765\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fc25f447b85\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"rotes-rathaus-1921-22-300x227.jpeg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":227,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":15670},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"rotes-rathaus-1921-22-768x581.jpeg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":581,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":70958},\"small\":{\"file\":\"rotes-rathaus-1921-22-440x333.jpeg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":333,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":29248},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"rotes-rathaus-1921-22-580x439.jpeg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":439,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":45943},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"rotes-rathaus-1921-22-720x545.jpeg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":545,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":64653},\"original\":{\"file\":\"rotes-rathaus-1921-22.jpeg\",\"width\":793,\"height\":600}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"ein Blick auf die Stadt von oben\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:75.662042875158%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  \t<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">The Rotes Rathaus [Red City Hall] and its surroundings at the beginning of Gustav B\u00f6\u00df\u2018s term as mayor of Berlin (1921\/22)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: unknown <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69fc25f447dfe\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"margin-bottom-third  has-highlight-color\">The B\u00f6\u00df era<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB\u00f6\u00df, who was a member of the German Democratic Party, was elected mayor with the votes he received from the Social Democratic Party in April 1921. As the successor to Dr. Adolf Wermuth, a pioneer of the &#8220;Zweckverband Gro\u00df-Berlin&#8221; [Greater Berlin administration union] and the first mayor of the newly created metropolis, it was B\u00f6\u00df who set the course for the city\u2019s development.<br><br>Until 1929, he led the city through troubled years. He organised the administrative structures for the newly created districts in order to create a standardised Greater Berlin administration and a common infrastructure for the gas, water and electricity supplies.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7  col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"3769\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fc25f448146\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"einladung-unterschrift-gustav-boess-240x300.jpeg\",\"width\":240,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":9006},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"einladung-unterschrift-gustav-boess-768x960.jpeg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":960,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":55587},\"small\":{\"file\":\"einladung-unterschrift-gustav-boess-352x440.jpeg\",\"width\":352,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":16670},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"einladung-unterschrift-gustav-boess-464x580.jpeg\",\"width\":464,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":25468},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"einladung-unterschrift-gustav-boess-576x720.jpeg\",\"width\":576,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":35543},\"original\":{\"file\":\"einladung-unterschrift-gustav-boess.jpeg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":1000}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Eigenh\\u00e4ndig unterschriebener Dankesbrief\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:125%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">A hand-signed thank-you letter from Gustav B\u00f6\u00df to the management of the Neues Volkstheater<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin\n <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy block-no-margin\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The municipalization of the city&#8217;s infrastructure created some of the city&#8217;s largest employers. In addition, through his economic policy, he aimed to strengthen tourism and Berlin&#8217;s role as a trade fair city. The expansion of the transport network and turning Tempelhof airport into a European air traffic hub were also vital in transforming Berlin into a metropolis of international stature.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-gallery-moderated\">\n\t<block-gallery-moderated inline-template>\n\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-background-container\" data-scroll data-scroll-sticky>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-bg\" data-sticky-target=\"sticky_69fc25f448547\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"3772\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fc25f4488a9\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"hufeisensiedlung-berlin-britz-luftaufnahme-300x216.jpeg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":216,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":16574},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"hufeisensiedlung-berlin-britz-luftaufnahme-768x554.jpeg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":554,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":83141},\"small\":{\"file\":\"hufeisensiedlung-berlin-britz-luftaufnahme-440x317.jpeg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":317,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":32633},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"hufeisensiedlung-berlin-britz-luftaufnahme-580x418.jpeg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":418,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":53164},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"hufeisensiedlung-berlin-britz-luftaufnahme-720x519.jpeg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":519,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":75083},\"original\":{\"file\":\"hufeisensiedlung-berlin-britz-luftaufnahme.jpeg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":577}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Luftaufnahme der Hufeisensiedlung\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : {\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0.5},\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : true,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 2,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:72.125%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"lazy-info-on-grid \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Aerial photograph of the Hufeisensiedlung housing estate in Berlin Britz, around 1927<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">&copy; Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Aero Lloyd Luftbild GmbH <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-foreground-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-gallery-moderated-child-fg\" id=\"sticky_69fc25f448547\">\n\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5 col-md-offset-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy margin-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Initiatives supporting the foundation of municipal public housing associations also resulted in the construction of exemplary housing estates that are now UNESCO World Heritage sites. These include the Hufeisensiedlung housing estate, which began being built in 1925 during the B&ouml;&szlig; era in the Britz district, having been a part of Neuk&ouml;lln since 1920. B&ouml;&szlig; was also an advocate of public welfare, art, culture and sport. This led to the creation of combined football and athletics stadiums, sports facilities in newly created parks and outdoor pools, all of which were largely financed by the &ldquo;Park, Spiel, Sport&rdquo; [park, play, sport] foundation set up by B&ouml;&szlig;.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/block-gallery-moderated>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">A trip to America and a scandal<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy settings-intend\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the invitation of the Mayor of New York, B\u00f6\u00df set off on a tour of America in early September 1929. In addition to the hope of establishing Berlin as an international trading centre and tourist destination overseas, B\u00f6\u00df wanted to improve Berlin&#8217;s finances by securing American external loans. After becoming an honorary citizenship of the city of New York on September 23<sup>rd<\/sup>, B\u00f6\u00df received word of a corruption scandal involving himself in Berlin. Two textile traders, the Sklarek brothers, had been arrested for having secured a monopoly for supplying public institutions through bribery and for having obtained credit by false pretences. Gustav B\u00f6\u00df was suspected of being involved in the scandal, because his wife had bought a discounted fur jacket.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_69fc25f44914a\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"3776\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_69fc25f44955e\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"wj1929_0350-e1666612574521-207x300.jpeg\",\"width\":207,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":15623},\"large\":{\"file\":\"wj1929_0350-e1666612574521-707x1024.jpeg\",\"width\":707,\"height\":1024,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":134886},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"wj1929_0350-e1666612574521-768x1112.jpeg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":1112,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":156560},\"small\":{\"file\":\"wj1929_0350-e1666612574521-304x440.jpeg\",\"width\":304,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":29802},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"wj1929_0350-e1666612574521-401x580.jpeg\",\"width\":401,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":48595},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"wj1929_0350-e1666612574521-497x720.jpeg\",\"width\":497,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":70881},\"original\":{\"file\":\"wj1929_0350-e1666612574521.jpeg\",\"width\":835,\"height\":1209}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Die Karikatur zeigt eine rot gekleidete Frau, die einen B\\u00e4ren w\\u00e4scht, der mit einer Krone auf dem Kopf in einer Wassersch\\u00fcssel steht.\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:144.79041916168%;  \" v-if=\"sizes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Cartoon of the Sklarek scandal: \u201cIf those crooks are to pull my fur over my ears, then I should at least have a suit from them!\u201d<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Heidelberg University Library <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHis return to Berlin turned out to be a catastrophe: He was attacked at Zoo train station by an aggressive mob, which had been worked up by the media reports. In response, B\u00f6\u00df initiated disciplinary proceedings against him and asked to be granted administrative leave.<br><br>The lengthy investigation ended with his acquittal, but after having been the victim of more massive hostilities, B\u00f6\u00df finally decided to resign on November 7<sup>th<\/sup> 1929.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">Nazi aftermath<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy settings-intend\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Once the Nazis had seized power, new criminal proceedings against Gustav B\u00f6\u00df were initiated. The charges against him were brought by the Nazi faction leader in the Berlin city council assembly Julius Lippert. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-quote \">\n\t<figure>\n\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row center-xs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"zeplin-quote\">B\u00f6\u00df was charged with misappropriation of state funds and the receipt of significant sums during his tenure. <\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy block-no-margin\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>He was arrested on 28<sup>th<\/sup> April 1933 due to \u201cdanger of collusion\u201d, before being eventually released from prison in Moabit nine months later, because the allegations proved to be unfounded.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy settings-intend block-no-margin\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>B\u00f6\u00df left Berlin and moved to Bernried am Starnberger See, where he lived until his death on 6<sup>th<\/sup> February 1946. Today there is a street in the immediate vicinity of the Rotes Rathaus, sports facilities, as well as an open-air theatre in Jungfernheide Park named after him, all commemorating one of the the city\u2019s most important mayors.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-buttons block-buttons-callToAction\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5 block-buttons-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div class='ho-button-group' >\n\n<div class=\"block-buttons-item\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.de\/maps\/search\/Gustav+B%C3%B6%C3%9F\/@52.5378653,13.3170176,11z\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ho-button is-large is-secondary\">\n<span class=\"ho-button-label\">\n\tGoogle Maps<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 20th January 1921, Gustav B\u00f6\u00df was elected mayor of Berlin. In a time plagued with inflation, a global economic crisis and the instability of the Weimar Republic, he was faced with a major challenge. However, his achievements were eventually overshadowed by a scandal that abruptly ended his era.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":44720,"template":"","ho_author":[],"ho_category":[182],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/14707"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/14707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20999,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/14707\/revisions\/20999"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ho_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ho_author?post=14707"},{"taxonomy":"ho_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ho_category?post=14707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}