{"id":30993,"date":"2023-06-30T14:55:23","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T12:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/story\/afroamerikanische-buehnenkuenstlerinnen-1877-1933"},"modified":"2023-07-12T15:38:54","modified_gmt":"2023-07-12T13:38:54","slug":"afroamerikanische-buehnenkuenstlerinnen-1877-1933","status":"publish","type":"story","link":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/story\/afroamerikanische-buehnenkuenstlerinnen-1877-1933","title":{"rendered":"African American Performers 1877-1933"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"block block-header-story block-zero-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"block-header-story-bg\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-header-story-bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-header-story-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30634\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c42216b2f\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-300x223.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":223,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":24272},\"large\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-1024x760.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":760,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":177760},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-768x570.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":570,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":112569},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-1536x1140.jpg\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":1140,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":336957},\"small\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-440x327.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":327,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":45485},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-580x430.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":430,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":71634},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-720x534.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":534,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":101358},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-1280x950.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":950,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":253057},\"original\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue.jpg\",\"width\":1602,\"height\":1189}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Garland-T\\u00e4nzerinnen in Blumen-Kost\\u00fcmen auf einer B\\u00fchne mit Blumenkulisse in Hamburg\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : {\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0.5},\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : true,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 2,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:74.219725343321%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"lazy-info-on-grid \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Garland Revue dancers in floral costume, 1930. <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/10-garland-revue-300x223.jpg\" alt=\"Garland-T\u00e4nzerinnen in Blumen-Kost\u00fcmen auf einer B\u00fchne mit Blumenkulisse in Hamburg\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-header-story-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"block-header-story-fg\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-header-story-fg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid block-header-story-fg-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row middle-xs center-xs block-header-story-fg-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"zeplin-subHead01 has-invert-color margin-bottom-half\">African American Performers 1877-1933<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-header-article-small-image-wrapper has-highlight-color\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/autor\/deborah-pomeranz-en\" class=\"author-view box\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"author-view-label zeplin-category\">by Deborah Pomeranz<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><br><strong>From the <em>Jubilee Singers<\/em> to Jazz: Musicians, Dancers and Variety Artists in Berlin<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_6a06c42219588\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cThe rhythm of our time is the Blues.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/article\/louis-douglas\">Louis Douglas<\/a> penned this claim in 1926, in the first issue of Berlin\u2019s newest culture magazine <em>Revue des Monats<\/em>. There was perhaps no one better positioned than he to describe the city\u2019s changing rhythms: originally from Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, USA), Douglas had been touring Europe as a singer, dancer, actor, comic, choreographer, dramatist, and producer since 1903. Through his father-in-law, Berlin-trained composer and conductor Will Marion Cook, Douglas was even familiar with the local music scene of the 1880s.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7  col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30618\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4221994c\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-200x300.jpg\",\"width\":200,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":11420},\"large\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-682x1024.jpg\",\"width\":682,\"height\":1024,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":110729},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-768x1153.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":1153,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":140193},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-1023x1536.jpg\",\"width\":1023,\"height\":1536,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":241669},\"small\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-293x440.jpg\",\"width\":293,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":21547},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-386x580.jpg\",\"width\":386,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":36488},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-479x720.jpg\",\"width\":479,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":54712},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-852x1280.jpg\",\"width\":852,\"height\":1280,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":171360},\"full\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-1198x1920.jpg\",\"width\":1198,\"height\":1920,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":343503},\"original\":{\"file\":\"1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297.jpg\",\"width\":1186,\"height\":1781}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Marion Cook und Louis Douglas beim Tanz\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:150.16863406408%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1.-Douglas_Cook_Das-Illustrierte-Blatt-15-1927-s.410-PAINT-VERSION-e1688133669297-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Marion Cook und Louis Douglas beim Tanz\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Louis Douglas and Marion Cook, 1927. From: Das Illustrierte Blatt 15, 1927, p. 410.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">Stadtmuseum Berlin Collection | Photo: Baruch. <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Douglas\u2019 article would have come as no surprise to those who had, over the course of the previous half-century, bought a songbook of German-translated spirituals, danced the Cakewalk in a Ballsaal, seen an all-Black revue in the variety theaters, or visited a jazz club in the Sch\u00f6neberg neighborhood: Berlin\u2019s culture, it was clear to those living within it, was fundamentally influenced by African American artists.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-quote \">\n\t<figure>\n\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row center-xs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"zeplin-quote\">\u201cThe rhythm of our time is the Blues.\u201d<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-fluid padding-top-third\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row center-xs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-quote-image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-quote-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30662\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4221a0f5\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas-300x226.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":226,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":9689},\"large\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas-1024x771.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":771,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":63501},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas-768x578.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":578,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":38378},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas-1536x1156.jpg\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":1156,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":141540},\"small\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas-440x331.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":331,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":16280},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas-580x437.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":437,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":24577},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas-720x542.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":542,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":34266},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas-1280x963.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":963,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":98252},\"original\":{\"file\":\"1-louis-douglas.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1445}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Portrait-Fotografie von Louis Douglas, die Hand am Ohr, wie lauschend\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:75.260416666667%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1-louis-douglas-300x226.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait-Fotografie von Louis Douglas, die Hand am Ohr, wie lauschend\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row center-xs padding-top-sixth\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"zeplin-quoteName\">Louis Douglas, 1926<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_6a06c4221a491\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30620\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4221a822\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878-284x300.jpg\",\"width\":284,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":21922},\"large\":{\"file\":\"2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878-969x1024.jpg\",\"width\":969,\"height\":1024,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":319222},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878-768x812.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":812,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":194174},\"small\":{\"file\":\"2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878-416x440.jpg\",\"width\":416,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":48227},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878-549x580.jpg\",\"width\":549,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":91928},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878-681x720.jpg\",\"width\":681,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":149234},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878-1211x1280.jpg\",\"width\":1211,\"height\":1280,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":499310},\"original\":{\"file\":\"2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878.jpg\",\"width\":1388,\"height\":1467}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Zeichnung der Jubilee-Singers beim Auftritt in der Berliner Singakademie\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:105.6916426513%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/2-fisk-jubilee-singers-daheim-30-1878-284x300.jpg\" alt=\"Zeichnung der Jubilee-Singers beim Auftritt in der Berliner Singakademie\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">The Jubilee Singers in the Singakademie, Berlin. From: Daheim, Vol. XV, No. 30, 1878. <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">Public Domain via Universit\u00e4t Potsdam. <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"margin-bottom-third  has-highlight-color\">Sensation from overseas<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn fall 1877, the <em>Fisk Jubilee Singers<\/em> embarked on a tour of Germany. For ten months, they traveled the empire, raising money for newly established Fisk University, which educated liberated African Americans in Nashville (Tennessee, USA).\u00a0 The tour was enormously successful, and the Jubilee Singers sang in the central Berlin Cathedral, historic Singakademie, even for the royal family in Potsdam. The performances, songbooks, and not least the fascinated press coverage introduced a broad swath of Berliners to (adapted) spirituals and the African American musical tradition for the first time. The masterful performances of the Jubilee Singers stood in contrast to the racist stereotypes of minstrel shows, in which actors in Blackface presented enslaved Black people as simplemindedly jolly, lazy, or mischievous.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_6a06c4221af43\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStill, the Fisk Jubilee Singers\u2019 German success was ambivalent, resting in part on a demeaning curiosity about their presumed otherness or even inferiority. \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7  col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30622\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4221b4f3\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie-300x239.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":239,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":25338},\"large\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie-1024x817.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":817,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":245221},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie-768x613.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":613,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":147167},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie-1536x1226.jpg\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":1226,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":492253},\"small\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie-440x351.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":351,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":51881},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie-580x463.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":463,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":87749},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie-720x575.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":575,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":130393},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie-1280x1021.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":1021,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":364834},\"original\":{\"file\":\"3-berliner-singakademie.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1532}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Stra\\u00dfenseitige Ansicht der Berliner Singakademie hinter B\\u00e4umen, um 1885.\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:79.791666666667%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/3-berliner-singakademie-300x239.jpg\" alt=\"Stra\u00dfenseitige Ansicht der Berliner Singakademie hinter B\u00e4umen, um 1885.\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Entrance to the Singakademie, ca. 1885. <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: F. Albert Schwartz <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Their assumed racial difference was scrutinized and debated in conversations that provided ideological support for the German Empire\u2019s expanding colonialism. Nevertheless, the Fisk Jubilee Singers returned several times, and inspired other ensembles, like the <em>Clifton Jubilee Quintet<\/em> or the <em>Black Troubadours<\/em>, to bring their music to the German capital.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">African American community <\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>By the end of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century, the African American community in Berlin had grown and cemented its place in the city, organizing community events like an 1895 summer festival in the popular lakeside idyll M\u00fcggelschl\u00f6\u00dfchen. In addition to the ensembles, classical musicians, opera singers, circus artists, and variety performers came to Berlin on tour.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image block-standard-image-large\">\n\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30624\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4221c1af\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"4-mueggelschloesschen-300x190.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":190,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":14986},\"large\":{\"file\":\"4-mueggelschloesschen-1024x649.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":649,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":151921},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"4-mueggelschloesschen-768x486.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":486,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":88930},\"small\":{\"file\":\"4-mueggelschloesschen-440x279.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":279,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":30435},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"4-mueggelschloesschen-580x367.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":367,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":51970},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"4-mueggelschloesschen-720x456.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":456,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":78730},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"4-mueggelschloesschen-1280x811.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":811,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":227043},\"original\":{\"file\":\"4-mueggelschloesschen.jpg\",\"width\":1290,\"height\":817}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"M\\u00fcggelsee und M\\u00fcggelschl\\u00f6\\u00dfchen auf einer kolorierten Foto-Ansichtskarte von 1905\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:63.333333333333%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4-mueggelschloesschen-300x190.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00fcggelsee und M\u00fcggelschl\u00f6\u00dfchen auf einer kolorierten Foto-Ansichtskarte von 1905\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  \t<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">M\u00fcggelschl\u00f6\u00dfchen, postcard, ca. 1905.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | By: E. Weinland, Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Here they enjoyed better pay and working conditions in comparison to the US, and some decided to stay long term. Outside of the music and entertainment industries, the career possibilities for Black people in Germany were extremely limited, which would not fundamentally change until the second half of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. So, the African American community in Berlin consisted predominately of artists and students.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_6a06c4221c722\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30628\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4221cd13\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean-192x300.jpg\",\"width\":192,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":17674},\"large\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean-655x1024.jpg\",\"width\":655,\"height\":1024,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":136781},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean-768x1200.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":1200,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":179584},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean-983x1536.jpg\",\"width\":983,\"height\":1536,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":273956},\"small\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean-282x440.jpg\",\"width\":282,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":33352},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean-371x580.jpg\",\"width\":371,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":53101},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean-461x720.jpg\",\"width\":461,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":75823},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean-819x1280.jpg\",\"width\":819,\"height\":1280,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":202213},\"original\":{\"file\":\"6-johnson-and-dean.jpg\",\"width\":1229,\"height\":1920}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Dora Dean und Charles Johnson beim Tanz auf einer Bildpostkarte, um 1905.\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:156.22457282343%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/6-johnson-and-dean-192x300.jpg\" alt=\"Dora Dean und Charles Johnson beim Tanz auf einer Bildpostkarte, um 1905.\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Johnson and Dean, \u201cAchwies\u00fcss\u201d [Ohhowsweet], ca. 1905.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | By: Georg Gerlach &amp; Co., Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"margin-bottom-third  has-highlight-color\">A new dance<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn October 1901, the dancers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/article\/dora-dean\">Dora Dean<\/a> and Charles Johnson, newly arrived from New York City, made their Berlin debut in the Wintergarten Theater. Their costumes were luxurious, their movements exaggerated, their music syncopated. It was the Cakewalk, performed in the city in all likelihood for the first time. Originally, enslaved African Americans had developed the Cakewalk as a parody of the white, slaveholding upper class. Through Vaudeville, Cakewalk became popular throughout the US, before Black Americans brought the dance to Europe at the turn of the century.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The lavish dress and elegant self-presentation of the Cakewalkers, like the <em>Jubilee Singers<\/em>, stood in contrast to the still prevailing stereotypes from minstrel shows. In the years that followed, African American Cakewalkers like Johnson and Dean, David and Besie Banks, or Emma Harris and her <em>Louisiana Troupe<\/em> would make numerous appearances in Berlin\u2019s best-known variety theaters.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image block-standard-image-large\">\n\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30626\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4221d82c\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"5-geschwister-anderson-300x208.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":208,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":14576},\"large\":{\"file\":\"5-geschwister-anderson-1024x710.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":710,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":120694},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"5-geschwister-anderson-768x532.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":532,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":73042},\"small\":{\"file\":\"5-geschwister-anderson-440x305.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":305,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":27883},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"5-geschwister-anderson-580x402.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":402,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":45241},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"5-geschwister-anderson-720x499.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":499,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":65212},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"5-geschwister-anderson-1280x887.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":887,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":176558},\"original\":{\"file\":\"5-geschwister-anderson.jpg\",\"width\":1290,\"height\":894}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Die Schwestern Sadie, Rosie und Fanny Anderson in B\\u00fchnenkost\\u00fcmen\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:69.302325581395%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/5-geschwister-anderson-300x208.jpg\" alt=\"Die Schwestern Sadie, Rosie und Fanny Anderson in B\u00fchnenkost\u00fcmen\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  \t<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">The Anderson Siblings, 1903. The sisters Sadie, Rosie, and Fanny Anderson had been touring as acrobats since 1891.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: Hoffmann &amp; Fursch, Leipzig <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The trendy Cakewalk was quickly appropriated by non-African American dancers in Berlin. Professionals incorporated it into their acts, and ballroom attendees learned the new social dance. Local studios began selling and producing ragtime records, Cakewalk\u2019s accompanying musical style, which would go on to influence jazz. Cakewalk\u2019s exaggerated gestures, elegant dress, and playful gender roles also made their mark far beyond music and dance, in fashion, advertising, and print culture.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-audio\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<standard-audio inline-template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"audio-player\" ref=\"player\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"src\" :  \"https:\\\/\\\/www.stadtmuseum.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/7-cakewalk-kompr.wav\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"label\"  : \"Historic recording\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"description\"  : \"Rufus\\u2019 Cake-Walk, ca. 1905\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"audio-player-row audio-player-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"audio-player-btns\" :class=\"{ playing: playing }\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"ho-button is-extra-large is-secondary has-icon audio-player-btns-play\" @click=\"play\" aria-label=\"Audio Abspielen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ho-button-icon icon-play\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"ho-button is-extra-large is-secondary has-icon audio-player-btns-pause\" @click=\"pause\" aria-label=\"Audio Abspielen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ho-button-icon icon-pause\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subline audio-player-overline font-regular\">Historic recording<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"audio-player-headline\">Rufus\u2019 Cake-Walk, ca. 1905<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"audio-player-row zeplin-category insignificant\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"audio-player-timer-start\" v-html=\"this.$options.filters.secondsAsTime(time)\" aria-hidden=\"true\">00:00<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"audio-player-timer-spacer\">\/<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"audio-player-timer-end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02:14<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/standard-audio>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">Cultural heritage from the Alps<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surrounded by the multidirectional cultural exchange and the market pressures of a cosmopolitan city, Black American performers in Berlin expanded their repertoires. Many borrowed from the cultural heritage of the Alps, a genre particularly popular with audiences. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/article\/arabella-fields\">Arabella Fields<\/a> specialized in German Lieder and Alpine folk songs (complete with yodeling), which she sang wearing a traditional Tracht.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_6a06c4221ec4a\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30630\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4221f1af\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds-300x189.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":189,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":17108},\"large\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds-1024x645.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":645,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":191246},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds-768x484.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":484,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":108017},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds-1536x967.jpg\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":967,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":429156},\"small\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds-440x277.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":277,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":35463},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds-580x365.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":365,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":60395},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds-720x453.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":453,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":93959},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds-1280x806.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":806,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":309561},\"original\":{\"file\":\"8-the-4-black-diamonds.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1209}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Die Gruppe \\\"The 4 Black Diamonds\\\" beim Tanz auf der B\\u00fchne\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:62.96875%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/8-the-4-black-diamonds-300x189.jpg\" alt=\"Die Gruppe &quot;The 4 Black Diamonds&quot; beim Tanz auf der B\u00fchne\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">The 4 Black Diamonds: The Transformation Singers, Dancers, and Comedians H.M. Johnson, Norris Smith, Walter Dixon and Pete Washington, after 1905.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe variety quartet <em>The Four Black Diamonds<\/em> closed their act with a \u201cTirol-Number,\u201d in which they danced the traditional Schuhplattler and improvised rhymes in Bavarian dialect.\u00a0 Commercially successful, such acts were also part expression of cultural belonging, part parody of imagined cultural distinctions.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">War-related exodus and return<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>With the beginning of World War I in 1914, the majority of African Americans left Berlin. Many, including Louis Douglas and the Black Diamonds, spent the war years in London. Johnson and Dean returned to the U.S; David and Besie Banks toured South America; Emma Harris became a film actress in Russia. Arabella Fields, now a German citizen, at first stayed in the country, but left for the neutral Netherlands in 1915.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_6a06c4221fb28\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter the war and the stabilization of German currency in 1924, many of these performers returned to Berlin. They were accompanied by a younger generation of African American artists, including many important musicians of the Jazz Age, such as Sidney Bechet and Buddy Gilmore. The flourishing African American press covered their experiences in Europe with interest from across the Atlantic.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7  col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30632\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c42220023\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-214x300.jpg\",\"width\":214,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":18174},\"large\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-730x1024.jpg\",\"width\":730,\"height\":1024,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":149168},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-768x1077.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":1077,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":162642},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-1095x1536.jpg\",\"width\":1095,\"height\":1536,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":300473},\"small\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-314x440.jpg\",\"width\":314,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":34972},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-413x580.jpg\",\"width\":413,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":56254},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-513x720.jpg\",\"width\":513,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":81094},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-913x1280.jpg\",\"width\":913,\"height\":1280,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":219766},\"original\":{\"file\":\"9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore.jpg\",\"width\":1192,\"height\":1672}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Buddie Gilmore am Schlagzeug, dahinter Martha Gilmore\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:140.26845637584%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/9-buddie-gilmore-martha-gilmore-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"Buddie Gilmore am Schlagzeug, dahinter Martha Gilmore\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">The musicians Buddie Gilmore and Martha Gilmore n\u00e9e Brown, Berlin, ca. 1925.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: R. Sennecke <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">Comeback of the &#8220;All Black Revue&#8221;<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>This was the high point of Black revues, led by producers like Louis Douglas and Will Garland, who had first developed these touring variety shows inspired by New York\u2019s Black musical theater scene, as well as by minstrelsy, operetta, and Cakewalk, at the start of the century. In borrowing from the tropes of minstrel shows and the colonial visual lexicon of human zoos, the revues both parodied and reproduced the racism of the period\u2019s popular entertainment.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image block-standard-image-large\">\n\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30634\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c4222092b\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-300x223.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":223,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":24272},\"large\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-1024x760.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":760,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":177760},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-768x570.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":570,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":112569},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-1536x1140.jpg\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":1140,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":336957},\"small\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-440x327.jpg\",\"width\":440,\"height\":327,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":45485},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-580x430.jpg\",\"width\":580,\"height\":430,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":71634},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-720x534.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":534,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":101358},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue-1280x950.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":950,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":253057},\"original\":{\"file\":\"10-garland-revue.jpg\",\"width\":1602,\"height\":1189}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Garland-T\\u00e4nzerinnen in Blumen-Kost\\u00fcmen auf einer B\\u00fchne mit Blumenkulisse in Hamburg\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:74.219725343321%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/10-garland-revue-300x223.jpg\" alt=\"Garland-T\u00e4nzerinnen in Blumen-Kost\u00fcmen auf einer B\u00fchne mit Blumenkulisse in Hamburg\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  \t<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"figcaption-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Garland Revue dancers in floral costume, Hamburg, 1930. <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<br>Their heyday was ushered in by dancer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/article\/josephine-baker\">Josephine Baker<\/a>, whose European debut in 1925 featured Douglas as the male lead. Building on its success, Douglas wrote two new Black revues, \u201cBlack People\u201d and \u201cLouisiana\u201d, which he premiered in Berlin in 1926 and 1929.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_6a06c42220e22\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30636\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c42221205\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody-200x300.jpg\",\"width\":200,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":10976},\"large\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody-681x1024.jpg\",\"width\":681,\"height\":1024,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":90674},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody-768x1155.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":1155,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":113880},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody-1022x1536.jpg\",\"width\":1022,\"height\":1536,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":195415},\"small\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody-293x440.jpg\",\"width\":293,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":20219},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody-386x580.jpg\",\"width\":386,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":32269},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody-479x720.jpg\",\"width\":479,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":46930},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody-851x1280.jpg\",\"width\":851,\"height\":1280,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":139674},\"original\":{\"file\":\"11-louis-brody.jpg\",\"width\":1277,\"height\":1920}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Der Schauspieler Louis Brody auf einer Postkarte\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:150.35238841034%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/11-louis-brody-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Der Schauspieler Louis Brody auf einer Postkarte\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">The actor Louis Brody, ca. 1930. From: Tobias Nagl, <em>Die unheimliche Maschine &#8211; Rasse und Repr\u00e4sentation im Weimarer Kino<\/em>, M\u00fcnchen: edition text kritik, 2009), p. 565.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Tobias Nagl | Photo: Yva, Berlin <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlongside African Americans, these revues engaged Black performers from Europe, the Caribbean, and Africa. Cameroonian-German actor Louis Brody, for example, was in the cast of \u201cBlack People\u201d before producing his own revue, \u201cSonnenaufgang im Morgenland\u201d, \u201cSunrise in Morningland\u201d. \u201cSonnenaufgang\u201d premiered in Kliems Ballroom, a hub of the labor movement, starred Black German actress Helen Allen, and retold African history with jazz accompaniment.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-standard-image-copy  align-left\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".motion-image\",\"mask\":\".row\",\"full\":{\"y\": [5,-5]}}' id=\"sticky_6a06c42221600\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\" data-parallax='{\"child\":\".row\",\"mask\":\".motion-image\",\"in\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1.1],\"opacity\": [0,0]},\"center\":{\"scale\": [1.1,1],\"opacity\": [0,1],\"ease\":\"sine.out\"},\"out\":{\"opacity\": [1,0]}}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal copy\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"margin-bottom-third  has-highlight-color\">Artists&#8217; network<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs these revues demonstrate, Black artists increasingly built networks across their differences \u2013 in language, experiences of German colonialism, (non-)citizenship and associated rights \u2013 in the 1920s. Black actors were particularly well organized. Their hub was caf\u00e9 on Friedrichssta\u00dfe, the center of the film industry, where performers would mingle, sharing jobs and industry tips. For the convenience of directors looking for talent, they organized a card index, presumably kept at the Wintergarten Central Caf\u00e9. Still, the majority of roles available to Black actors, and indeed non-white actors in general, remained one-dimensional, built on exotification and racist stereotype.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7  col-md-offset-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-minimal padding-top-minimal\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<lazy-media-inline inline-template data-id=\"30638\">\n\t\t\t<figure itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" class=\"lazy-media-inline \" role=\"group\" id=\"media_6a06c42221a97\">\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/json\" ref=\"data\">\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\"sizes\" : {\"medium\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-218x300.jpg\",\"width\":218,\"height\":300,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":16380},\"large\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-742x1024.jpg\",\"width\":742,\"height\":1024,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":115365},\"medium_large\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-768x1059.jpg\",\"width\":768,\"height\":1059,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":122070},\"1536x1536\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-1114x1536.jpg\",\"width\":1114,\"height\":1536,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":224757},\"small\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-319x440.jpg\",\"width\":319,\"height\":440,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":29986},\"semi\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-421x580.jpg\",\"width\":421,\"height\":580,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":46801},\"mobile\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-522x720.jpg\",\"width\":522,\"height\":720,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":65597},\"hd\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-928x1280.jpg\",\"width\":928,\"height\":1280,\"mime-type\":\"image\\\/jpeg\",\"filesize\":166548},\"original\":{\"file\":\"12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin.jpg\",\"width\":1392,\"height\":1920}},\n\t\t\t\t\"alt\" : \"Au\\u00dfenaufnahme des Caf\\u00e9 Wintergarten im Central Hotel mit Leuchtreklame und gro\\u00dfem Werbeplakat an einer verkehrsreichen Stra\\u00dfe\",\n\t\t\t\t\"path\" : \"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/\",\n\t\t\t\t\"video\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"autoplay\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"youtube\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"hls\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"hls_autoplay\" : \"\",\n\t\t\t\t\"youtubelabel\" : \"play\",\n\t\t\t\t\"brightness\" : 100,\n\t\t\t\t\"crop\" : null,\n\t\t\t\t\"background\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"scale\" : 1,\n\t\t\t\t\"zoom\" : false,\n\t\t\t\t\"annotations\" : null\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"height-container\" style=\"padding-bottom:137.93103448276%;  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<lazy-media v-if=\"sizes\" :inline=\"true\" :alt=\"alt\" :sizes=\"sizes\" :scale=\"scale\" :zoom=\"zoom\" :brightness=\"brightness\" :path=\"path\" :video=\"video\" :autoplay=\"autoplay\" :youtube=\"youtube\" :hls=\"hls\" :hls-autoplay=\"hlsAutoplay\" :crop=\"crop\" :youtubelabel=\"youtubelabel\" :annotations=\"annotations\" :background=\"background\"><\/lazy-media>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/12-cafe-wintergarten-berlin-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"Au\u00dfenaufnahme des Caf\u00e9 Wintergarten im Central Hotel mit Leuchtreklame und gro\u00dfem Werbeplakat an einer verkehrsreichen Stra\u00dfe\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-label\">Entrance to the Wintergarten Caf\u00e9 in the Hotel Central, 1936. <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lazy-media-image-description\">\u00a9 Stadtmuseum Berlin | Photo: H. Mederer <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<\/lazy-media-inline>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-headline has-highlight-color block-no-margin\" >\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"h3\">End of an era<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the early years of National Socialism, Black actors could still perform in these stereotypical roles, as propaganda for the Nazi\u2019s racial ideology. Jazz, on the other hand, was condemned as a \u201cdegenerate\u201d product of Black and Jewish culture. In the face of increasing state repression, the majority of African Americans, enabled by their US passport, fled Germany. Louis Douglas and Marion Cook moved to Paris, leaving behind the city in which they had made a career as artists amidst an ambivalent interplay of liberties and constraints, self-expression and exotification, community and isolation, success and rejection, fame and obscurity.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-copy-hint\">\n\t<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-copy-hint-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2  padding-top-sixth margin-bottom-sixth\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"zeplin-subHead05 block-copy-hint-hl\">Further Reading:<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-offset-1 padding-top-sixth margin-bottom-sixth\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copy editor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Robbie Aitken \/ Eve Rosenhaft. <em>Black Germany. The Making and Unmaking of a Diaspora Community, 1884-1960<\/em>. Cambridge, 2013.<br><br>Frederike Gerstner. <em>Inszenierte Inbesitzsnahme. Blackface und Minstrelsy in Berlin um 1900<\/em>. Stuttgart, 2017.<br><br>Jeffrey Green et al. <em>Black Europe<\/em>. Holste-Oldendorf, 2013.<br>Astrid Kusser. <em>K\u00f6rper in Schieflage. Tanzen im Strudel des <\/em>Black Atlantic<em> um 1900<\/em>. 2013, Bielefed.<br><br>Rainer Lotz. <em>Black People. Entertainers of African Descent in Europe, and Germany<\/em>. Bonn, 1997.<br><br>Temi Odumosu\/Hilke Thode-Arora\/Natasha A. Kelly\/Laetitia Lai. \u201cUnterhaltungskultur\u201d. In: Kirchner und Nolde. <br><br>Expressionismus. Kolonialismus. M\u00fcnchen, 2021, S. 138-195.<br>Paulette Reed-Anderson. <em>Eine Geschichte von mehr als 100 Jahren. Die Anf\u00e4nge der Afrikanischen Diaspora in Berlin<\/em>. Berlin, 1995.<br><br>Kira Thurman. \u201cSinging the Civilizing Mission in the Land of Bach; Beethoven; and Brahms: The Fisk Jubilee Singers in Nineteenth-Century Germany.\u201d In: <em>Journal of World History<\/em>, 27:3, 2016, S. 443-471.<br><br>Black Central Europe: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/blackcentraleurope.com\/quellen\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/blackcentraleurope.com\/quellen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-offset-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class='ho-button-group' ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the Jubilee Singers to Jazz: African American Performers and Musicians in Berlin, 1877-1933.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":30619,"template":"","ho_author":[402],"ho_category":[182,403,301],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/story\/30993"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/story"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/story"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/story\/30993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31188,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/story\/30993\/revisions\/31188"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ho_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ho_author?post=30993"},{"taxonomy":"ho_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stadtmuseum.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ho_category?post=30993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}